Raspberries
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| Berryfruit Variety Descriptions
Raspberries |
Raspberries are grown extensively in New Zealand, from Kerikeri to Invercargill. Summer cropping types have a high winter chilling requirement, so bud break can be indifferent and variable in timing, north of Palmerston North depending on the particular location and variety. Varieties differ in their chilling requirement with autumn fruiting types having a very low requirement. Chilling requirement has a major effect on harvest timing of varieties so it is difficult to predict maturity times of summer cropping raspberries especially in low chill areas. All varieties listed are bred in New Zealand unless otherwise specified.
Raspberries are normally grown in hedgerows and supported by wires. Plants sucker readily especially when young. Initial plant spacing is 800mm between plants. Suckers between plants are usually allowed to develop with the desirable cane density after pruning being 14-20 strong canes per metre of row. Row spacings are usually chosen to allow easy access by machinery and therefore vary from 2.6-3.0m. Autumn cropping varieties require less support and permanent posts and wires are not essential.
Raspberries are very susceptible to root rots and good drainage is essential. Develop raised beds for planting if drainage is doubtful. The root systems are concentrated close to the surface and benefit from mulching and regular watering during dry periods.
Clicking a colourised variety name in the list below will call a 40K image of that variety.
Type:
Autumn fruiting
General description:
Bred at East Malling Research Station. Parentage is complex. The season is early autumn about 2-3 weeks prior to Heritage. Numerous, medium strength, spiny, fairly erect canes need minimum support. Yield is heavy. Fruit is large, oval conical, fairly hard to remove, medium dark red with a pleasant rather mild flavour. It is susceptible to the pollen borne raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV).
Main Deficiencies:
Hard to pick, thorny, slightly soft
Market Suitability:
Fresh local and processing
Plant Availability:
Readily available
District Suitability:
All districts
Cultural notes:
Fruit firmness can be improved with the use of Potassium sulphate foliar applications
Type:
Summer fruiting
General description:
Bred at British Colombia. Fairview season (late). Good yield. Medium sized, medium red, firm and shiny fruit which is easily removed. Fruit laterals are strongly attached.
Main Deficiencies:
None but no outstanding features either
Market Suitability:
Local fresh, processing or PYO
District Suitability:
Some Northern and most Central and Southern districts
Plant Availability:
In tissue culture and readily available
Type:
Summer fruiting with small late summer and autumn crop
General description:
Bred by Scottish Crop Research Institute, released 1980 - Parentage 688/12 x 6815/113 including Malling Exploit, M Landmark, Glen Clova, Glen Isla, Newburgh and M Jewel. Very early. The end of the season is extended into January through production of crown summer fruiting laterals. Main fruiting season is one week earlier than Marcy which is early December at Riwaka. Yield is moderate to heavy. Produces moderate quantities of medium strength canes which are whitish/grey in colour which turn red when exposed to the sun. Genetically spineless with good bud break. Large fruit size, conical shape, high quality, good shelf life, pale in colour. Tends to be soft in hot weather. Laterals are short with strong cane attachment. Susceptible to bird damage because of the early season. Requires good growing conditions to produce sufficient cane of reasonable height for good results. May not be suitable for mechanical harvesting. Appears resistant to RBDV.
Main Deficiencies:
Softness, moderate yield. Susceptible to rust and dryberry
Market Suitability:
Early season fresh market, processing
District Suitability:
Central and Southern districts
Plant Availability:
Readily available
Cultural notes:
The addition of organic matter will help with cane growth. Harvest early morning to beat the fruit softening in hot weather.
Type:
Summer fruiting
General description:
Bred at Scottish Crop Research Institute. Mid to late season (about Fairview time). Moderate - high yield. Moderate quantities of medium strength genetically spineless, upright, dark brown canes produced. Chilling requirement is moderate to high. Fruit is medium - large size, rounded, medium red, dusty very firm. Shelf life is very good especially in cool storage. Fruit removal is moderately easy. Excellent fruit quality. Even in hot weather fruit is relatively firm. Susceptible to RBDV.
Main Deficiencies:
Yield
Market Suitability:
Fresh
District Suitability:
Central and Southern districts
Plant Availability:
Limited availability
JOAN SQUIRE
Type:
Autumn fruiting
General description:
Bred by Derek Jennings in Kent. Parentage is complex. Has not yet cropped in NZ so UK description used. The season is about 2 weeks after Autumn Bliss. Numerous, medium strength, spine free, fairly erect canes need some support at harvest. Yield is heavy. Fruit is medium sized, and very firm with similar shipping character to Heritage. Easy to harvest, light red with a pleasant flavour.
Market Suitability:
Fresh export, local and processing
District Suitability:
All districts
Plant Availability:
Limited availability until 1999
Type:
Summer fruiting
General description:
Bred by Oregon Agricultural Experimental Station. Parentage [(Creston x 1094) x (Glen Isla x Willamette)] Fairview season. Very good yield. Produces moderate numbers of medium vigour and thickness canes with few spines. Fruit is medium large, medium red, very firm and shiny and is easily removed. Fruit laterals are long but strongly attached.
Main Deficiencies:
Shows root rot and rust susceptibility
Market Suitability:
Outstanding fresh market fruit
District Suitability:
Some Northern and most Central and Southern districts
Plant Availability:
In tissue culture and readily available
Cultural notes:
Appears very susceptible to budmoth attack especially in over wintering buds. Late summer and early autumn spray applications are very important.
Type:
Summer fruiting
General description:
Parentage Marcy x Malling Delight. Early season, similar to Marcy. Bud break even and good. Canes vigorous, high numbers of strong upright canes. Laterals are medium length and strong. Capable of very high yields. Fruit is medium size, medium red, tending soft, especially when over-ripe. Average flavour.
Main Deficiencies:
Softness, flavour
Market Suitability:
Fresh, local. Processing, and PYO
District Suitability:
Central and Southern districts
Plant Availability:
In tissue culture and readily available
Type:
Summer fruiting
General description:
Parentage Fairview x Marcy. Mid-late season. Bud break moderate, sometimes uneven. Canes vigorous, high numbers of strong semi-upright canes. The very strong canes bow into the alleys and can be damaged by tractors and pickers unless wired up. Dormant canes are light brown with grey bloom, spiny, limited bark cracking at the cane base. The stronger canes are highly branched in the 1st year of growth. Fruit very large, light medium red, medium conical, and firm until overripe. Fruit laterals are of medium length and have strong attachment. Much more rot resistant than Marcy, giving moderate shelf life. Easily removed.
Main Deficiencies:
Cane habit, spiny cane.
Market Suitability:
Fresh, local. Gate sales
District Suitability:
Some Northern and most Central and Southern districts
Plant Availability:
In tissue culture and readily available
These have been superseded by those listed above. All are summer fruiting types.
Malling Delight, Malling Leo, Malling Orion, Martinborough, Ohau Early, 1B11, A17.
The following selections have been released for grower trials. Material is available ex tissue culture.
Type:
Summer fruiting
General description:
Parentage (Columbian x Marcy) x Glen Clova). Mid season variety. Has high level of bud moth resistance from Columbian black raspberry. Good yields. Canes have few spines, a medium thick diameter and are medium arching. Very good even bud break. Fruit are very dark, medium small in size, easy to remove and have moderate firmness. Fruit shelf life is good. A74 has very long laterals and very high fruit numbers per lateral. From each node fruit laterals have small laterals which carry between 4 and 8 fruit each. Fruit is seedy, has high acid and less purple flavour than some of the other selections from this cross.
Main Deficiencies:
Size, flavour
Market Suitability:
Organic production. Fresh. Processing
Plant Availability:
In tissue culture, readily available
Type:
Autumn fruiting
General description:
Canes vigorous, high numbers of strong upright canes. Dormant canes are dark brown, with few spines. Fruit are large, dark red, conical, and firm. Tendency to produce "doubles". Moderate ease of removal. Suitable for double cropping with only the top 10-20 buds autumn cropping.
Main Deficiencies:
Doubles and dark fruit
Market Suitability:
Fresh, local. Gate sales
Plant Availability:
In tissue culture and readily available
Type:
Summer fruiting
General description:
Very early season 1 week earlier than Glen Moy. Bud break good. Canes moderately vigorous. Fruit large and firm, but can be misshapen. Moderate yield.
Market Suitability:
Fresh, local. Gate sales
Plant Availability:
In tissue culture and readily available
Type:
Summer fruiting
General description:
Mid season. Produces large numbers of spiny canes. Good productivity. Bud break good. Canes moderately vigorous. Fruit medium size and firm. Good yield.
Market Suitability:
Fresh, local. Gate sales
Plant Availability:
In tissue culture and readily available
Type:
Summer fruiting
General description:
Mid season. Bud break good. Canes spiny and moderately vigorous. Fruit medium size and firm. Moderate yield.
Market Suitability:
Fresh, local. Gate sales
Plant Availability:
In tissue culture and readily available
Type:
Summer fruiting
General description:
Mid to late season. Bud break moderate - good. Few spineless vigorous canes. Fruit very large and firm. Moderate yield.
Market Suitability:
Fresh, local. Gate sales
Plant Availability:
In tissue culture and readily available
Type:
Summer fruiting
General description:
Long season starting early and finishing late. Bud break moderate, sometimes uneven. Canes vigorous, high numbers of strong upright canes. Dormant canes are light brown with grey bloom, spineless. Fruit are large, medium red, conical, and firm. Fruit laterals are of medium length and have strong attachment. Excellent shelf life. Easily removed. Given good bud break, yields are very high
Main Deficiencies:
Very susceptible to bud moth
Market Suitability:
Fresh, local. Gate sales
Plant Availability:
In tissue culture and increasingly available
Glen Ample and Glen Magna are two Scottish varieties that have recently been released from quarantine and are about to undergo grower testing. They are expected to be added to the list of available varieties in the near future.
Harry Wientjens, Waterson Road, R D 1, Carterton
Ph 06/379 7068Roy Beecroft, Glencroft Gardens, Wrights Road, Sheffield
Ph 03/318 3865 eveningsJ.C. & J.A. Thirkettle, Patons Road, Hope, Nelson
Ph 03/544 5143Tissue culture stock is supplied through selected nurseries but ordered through NZ Berryfruit Propagators Ltd, P O Box 10050, Wellington, Ph/Fax (04) 569 8263