Lightbrown apple moth		Greenheaded leafrollers		Brownheaded leafrollers

The same insecticidal chemicals are used to control the whole complex of five leafroller species on apples. There are three main approaches to chemical control. Since the 1960s, chemical control has been based on the use of broad-spectrum insecticides, such as organophosphates, carbamates, and to a limited extent, synthetic pyrethroids. These highly toxic products have provided very effective control of leafrollers and other pests but they have had the disadvantage of wider toxicity to many natural enemies. More recently, the chemical industry has developed effective insect growth regulator compounds which combine high toxicity to leafrollers with safety to many important beneficial species, such as predators and parasitoids. These selective qualities are also present in a new group of natural insecticidal products, the first of which is Success Naturolyte^TM.

IFP aims to eliminate the use of organophosphate and carbamate chemicals in apple orchards and replace these with selective chemicals. At present, all three groups of chemicals are permitted in IFP but with a strong preference for the use of insect growth regulators and the other selective materials. Organophosphates or carbamates may still be required for the control of some pests (e.g. woolly apple aphid) and these uses must be efficiently integrated with the control of leafrollers. Several leafroller species in New Zealand have developed resistance to insecticides.

Pheromone trapping can be used to monitor leafroller populations and trap catches provide action thresholds for guiding spray decisions.