Leaf tissue eaten by noctuid caterpillars (false loopers)

Damaging species include Graphania mutans, Graphania plena, Graphania ustistriga, and Agrotis ipsilon

leaf feeding by older caterpillars	leaf feeding by older caterpillars	leaf windows caused by young caterpillars	leaf windows caused by young caterpillars

 Noctuid moths have flights in spring and through the summer. Egg batches are laid on the leaves and the tiny hatching caterpillars feed on shoots, stems, leaves, and young fruits. The early fruit damage results in distortion of the mature fruit at harvest, when the damage has a russetted appearance. Eggs are also sometimes laid on the fruits close to harvest, particularly at the calyx.
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